Alfred Köpf *

While Art. 53(b) European Patent Convention (EPC) clearly excludes essentially biological processes for the production of plants and animals from patentability, it is currently a highly controversial issue whether plants which are obtained by such a process are also excluded from patentability. The Enlarged Board of Appeal held in the well-known “Tomato I” (G 1/08) and “Broccoli I” (G 2/07) decisions that genetically modified plants are indeed patentable under the EPC. In the subsequent decisions “Tomato II” (G 2/12) and “Broccoli II” (G 2/13), the Enlarged Board of Appeal affirmed that plants obtained by an essentially biological process are also patentable, even if the claim is formulated as a product-by-process claim. However, this interpretation of the EPC was regarded as not being in line with the EU Biotechnology Directive 98/44/EC of July 1998, as well as a European Commission Notice, which contradict the Enlarged Board of Appeal’s “Tomato II” and “Broccoli II” decisions. Triggered by the initiative of the former President of the European Patent Office, the Administrative Council...